Author :
Abstract
Girişimcilik ekonomik kalkınma için yararlı ve gereklidir. Sanayi ve hizmet girişimcilerin sektörlerinde girişimcilerin verimlilik, yenilikçilik, rekabetçilik ve istihdam yaratmaları ekonomik kalkınma için elzemdir. OECD ülkelerinde firmaların %95’inden fazlası KOBİlerden oluşmakta ve birçok ülkede istihdamın %60-70’ini sağlamaktadırlar. Özellikle yetmişlerden itibaren küresel rekabetin yoğunlaşması, ekonomik belirsizliğin artması, pazar bölümlenmesinin ivme kazanması, teknolojik sürecin karakterinin değişmesi, yeni ekonomik fırsatların ortaya çıkması ve artan işsizlik oranları girişimcilik faaliyetlerini canlandırmış ve büyük işletmelerden, küçük işletmelere doğru bir değişimin ortaya çıkmasını etkilemiştir. Küçük işletmelerle bütünleşen girişimcilik, yeni işletmelerin yaratılmasının temel aracı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde birçok hükümet, girişimciliğin önemini kavramakta ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin teşvik edilmesini, ekonomik politikalarının ve programlarının önemli bir unsuru olarak ele almaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, girişimcilik, önemi, yararları ve girişimcilik eğilimlerine değinilmektedir. İkinci olarak, Türkiye ve Kosova’daki KOBİlere yönelik devlet teşvikleri incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde bazı öneriler geliştirilmektedir.
Keywords
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is beneficial and necessary for economic growth. The contribution of entrepreneurs in industry and services is crucial for economic growth, productivity, innovation, competitiveness and job creation. Over 95% of firms in OECD countries are SMEs and these account for 60-70% of employment in most countries. Particularly, onwards 1970s together with the intensification of global competition, the increase in economic uncertainty, the growth in market fragmentation, changes in the character of technological progress, new economic opportunities and increasing rates in unemployment stimulate entrepreneurial activities and affect resulting in a shift from large to smaller firms. Entrepreneurship associated with small business is regarded as the key vehicle for the creation of new enterprises. Most of the governments, particularly in developed countries have recognized the importance of entrepreneurship and have made the encouragement of entrepreneurial activity an important aspect of their economic policies and programs. In this paper, first of all, concept of entrepreneurship, importance, benefits and trends in entrepreneurship are emphasized. Secondly, as the case studies government supports in Turkey and Kosova, particularly for SMEs are examined. In the final part of the study, some recommendations are developed.
Keywords
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